A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON MODE OF ACTION OF NASYA

In Ayurveda, Panchkarma therapy is used for the maintenance of health and eradication of diseases from their root and Nasya Karma is one among them. In this therapy, the medicine is administered through nose either in the form of ghee, oil, powder, liquid or smoke. It is particularly useful in the treatment of diseases occurring in the organs situated above the clavicle but indirectly it works on the whole body by improving the functioning of the endocrine glands and nervous system. Nasa is said to be the main doorway to Shiras. Nasyaaushadhi reaches to brain via nasal route and acts on higher centers of brain controlling different neurological, endocrinal and circulatory functions and thus showing local as well as systemic effects. This administration of drugs through nasal route opens a new hope for the both local and systemic drug administration. Nasal route drug administration is a promising alternative route of drug administration for local, systemic and central nervous system action. So here a review is presented on mode of action of Nasya procedure according to Ayurveda and modern science.

Enhancing the functional content of protein interaction networks

Protein interaction networks are a promising type of data for studying complex biological systems. However, despite the rich information embedded in these networks, they face important data quality challenges of noise and incompleteness that adversely affect the results obtained from their analysis. Here, we explore the use of the concept of common neighborhood similarity (CNS), which is a form of local structure in networks, to address these issues. Although several CNS measures have been proposed in the literature, an understanding of their relative efficacies for the analysis of interaction networks has been lacking. We follow the framework of graph transformation to convert the given interaction network into a transformed network corresponding to a variety of CNS measures evaluated. The effectiveness of each measure is then estimated by comparing the quality of protein function predictions obtained from its corresponding transformed network with those from the original network. Using a large set of S. cerevisiae interactions, and a set of 136 GO terms, we find that several of the transformed networks produce more accurate predictions than those obtained from the original network. In particular, the $HC.cont$ measure proposed here performs particularly well for this task. Further investigation reveals that the two major factors contributing to this improvement are the abilities of CNS measures, especially $HC.cont$, to prune out noisy edges and introduce new links between functionally related proteins

Association Analysis Techniques for Discovering Functional Modules from Microarray Data

An application of great interest in microarray data analysis is the identification of a group of genes that show very similar patterns of expression in a data set, and are expected to represent groups of genes that perform common/similar functions, also known as functional modules. Although clustering offers a natural solution to this problem, it suffers from the limitation that it uses all the conditions to compare two genes, whereas only a subset of them may be relevant. Association analysis offers an alternative route for finding such groups of genes that may be co-expressed only over a subset of the experimental conditions used to prepare the data set. The techniques in this field attempt to find groups of data objects that contain coherent values across a set of attributes, in an exhaustive and efficient manner. In this paper, we illustrate how a generalization of the techniques in association analysis for real-valued data can be utilized to extract coherent functional modules from large microarray data sets

Organo-Fluorine Compounds as Artificial Blood Substitute

The rate of fluoro-carbon compounds as artificial substitute for blood has been discussed. Blood is a complicated body fluid. At first glance it seems impossible that such a complicated body fluid can be replaced by artificial synthesized fluids or any substitute for this can be synthesized. Fluoro-carbon compounds however have advanced research in this area because a number of fluoro-carbon have been found to be highly inert and have high solubility for O/sub 2/CO/sub 2/ and are able to transport O/sub 2/ CO/sub 2/ in vivo